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Pharmachologic effect
Recombinant human erythropoietin is a purified glycoprotein. Eralfonstimulates erythropoiesis. It is synthesized in mammalian cells, into which the gene encoding human erythropoietin is inserted.
Biological and immunological properties are identical to human erythropoietin excreted from urine. The synthesis of endogenous erythropoietin is carried out in the kidneys and depends on the level of blood oxygenation.
Indications
Treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure in adult patients on hemo- or peritoneal dialysis, or for whom dialysis is indicated; in children on hemodialysis.
Treatment of anemia in cancer patients (receiving or not receiving chemotherapy) with non-myeloid tumors.
Prevention of anemia in cancer patients with non-myeloid tumors receiving a long course of chemotherapy.
Treatment of anemia in HIV-infected patients receiving zidovudine therapy (with endogenous erythropoietin levels ≤ 500 IU / ml).
As part of a pre-deposit program before major surgery in patients with a hematocrit of 33-39%, to facilitate collection of autologous blood and reduce the risk associated with the use of allogeneic blood transfusions (if the expected need for transfused blood is higher than the amount that can be obtained without the use of epoetin alpha).
Before major surgery with expected average blood loss (2-4 units or 900-1800 ml) in adult patients with mild to moderate anemia (hemoglobin> 10 and ≤ 13 g / dL) to reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusions and improve the recovery of erythropoiesis.
Contraindications
Uncontrolled arterial hypertension, hypersensitivity to epoetin alfa.
It is contraindicated in severe vascular pathology (including coronary, carotid, cerebral, peripheral) and with recent myocardial infarction or acute cerebrovascular accident before a major surgical operation outside the pre-deposit program using autologous blood.
What is erythropoietin? Mechanism of action
Erythropoietin is a peptide hormone that is naturally produced in the human body (kidneys and liver) and regulates the formation of red blood cells by acting on the bone marrow.
Erythrocytes or red blood cells (which give blood its characteristic red color) perform a transport function in the body: they transport oxygen to all cells, including muscle cells.
In addition, the hormone erythropoietin plays an important role in wound healing and the creation of new blood vessels.
The original purpose of the drug erythropoietin was used in medicine to treat anemia (a condition in which the number of red blood cells (hemoglobin) decreases and the body's tissues do not receive enough oxygen to function properly), which is the cause of chronic kidney disease, cancer and the effects of chemotherapy.
However, later, some doctors recognized the potential for use in sports in its mechanism of action.
What is Recombinant Erythropoietin?
Recombinant erythropoietin is an artificially synthesized hormone almost identical to natrual.
It is obtained in the laboratory using a special technology that allows you to read the DNA code and recreate an almost identical natural molecule of a substance.
What does the high level of erythropoietin in the blood show?
This could be a sign of anemia: a low oxygen concentration in the blood is a trigger to increase the production of the hormone erythropoietin, which aims to increase the production of red blood cells.
What is erythropoietin used for in sports?
Erythropoietin in sports belongs to a group of doping drugs under the general name "blood doping".
With the introduction of erythropoietin into the athlete's body, the concentration of erythrocytes in the blood increases; the higher their concentration, the more oxygen is delivered to muscle cells; in sports, this means improving athletic performance and performance.
The use of erythropoietin in sports is especially common in those types that require endurance, such as long distance running, cycling, skiing, biathlon, triathlon, etc.
Better supply of oxygen to the muscles delays the onset of fatigue and allows you to run / ride longer and faster.
Erythropoietin produces the kind of instant performance boost you would expect after years of training.
